With summer approaching, various countries are preparing for the first heatwaves of the year. For most people, warm weather poses no problem – although it can be unpleasant at times -, but sometimes temperatures above 35°C do cause problems.
Extreme temperatures pose a risk not only to nature – they can cause a wildfire -, but also to people. Senior citizens regularly die during heatwaves. That’s why there are a number of important things you need to watch out for.
What happens to your body in extreme heat?
An extreme heatwave can cause your body to become unbalanced within hours if you’re not careful. Dehydration, heat stress and heat exhaustion develop faster than you think. Particularly vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children and people with chronic conditions are at greater risk.
???? What do you do when it’s (extremely) hot?
Many people already take simple precautions in extreme temperatures. Do you stock up on extra ice, or do you keep the curtains closed on sunny windows? Explain in a comment what you already do!
Natural cooling mechanisms under pressure
Your body has a built-in cooling system that normally functions well. The main way we lose heat is through sweating.
When the ambient temperature becomes higher than your body temperature, your body can no longer release heat into the air. This has the following consequences:
- Sweating becomes inefficient
- The sweat doesn’t evaporate and you become dehydrated without cooling
Symptoms escalate
The first signs of overheating are subtle:
- Headache
- Dizziness
- A feeling of tiredness
If you’re not careful, the situation can escalate quickly. Then it’s important to consult a doctor if possible:
- Nausea
- Confusion
- Faster heart rate
In the worst case, you can suffer heat stroke. This happens when your body temperature rises to life-threatening levels. That’s why it’s important to stay cool and to hydrate yourself.
Hydration is more than just drinking water
The balance between water and salts
During sweating, you lose not only water, but also essential salts and minerals. Drinking only water can lead to dilution of your blood values. To prevent this, you can add a pinch of salt to your water. Occasionally drink a sports drink or use Hydro Tabs to replenish your salts and minerals. Water-rich foods such as cucumber, watermelon and tomatoes also help.
How much and when to drink
Don’t wait until you’re thirsty, because by then you’ve already started dehydrating. Drink regular small amounts – once every 15 to 20 minutes. Too much at once can cause stomach complaints. Also avoid alcohol and caffeine during extreme heat.
Clothing and sun protection
The right clothing can help you get through a heatwave more healthily and comfortably.
Materials that make the difference
Light colours reflect heat, dark colours actually absorb it. Cotton and linen are natural materials that breathe well. Synthetic fabrics can be useful because they wick away moisture, but often feel sticky.
Long sleeves seem counterproductive, but protect your skin from direct sunlight. In desert regions, people traditionally wear long robes for this reason. Loose clothing allows air to circulate and cools better than tight outfits.
Headwear and sun protection
Your head loses a lot of heat, but also absorbs a lot of solar radiation. A good hat or cap is essential. Choose models with wide brims that also protect your neck.
Sunscreen not only prevents burning, but also extra heat absorption by damaged skin. Use at least factor 30 and reapply regularly.
First aid for overheating
If you do overheat, it’s important to act quickly. If heat stress is suspected, you must take the following steps:
- Move the person to a cool, shady place
- Remove unnecessary clothing
- Cool the body with wet towels or cool water
- Give the person small sips of water if they are conscious
- Call the emergency services if there are serious symptoms
Place wet towels on wrists, neck and ankles – places where blood vessels are close to the skin. Fan the person to stimulate evaporation.
And to prepare yourself?
Adapting your home for extreme heat
Consider insulating window film for windows that receive a lot of sun. External shading such as shutters or screens is more effective than internal shading. Ventilation in crawl spaces and attics prevents heat build-up.
Plants around your house can noticeably lower the ambient temperature. Deciduous trees provide shade in summer but let light through in winter. A green roof or green wall has an insulating effect.
Equipment that makes the difference
Invest in a good fan with timer function. Models that you can run on a battery are useful during power cuts. Freezer packs help keep drinks and food cool.
A portable air conditioner can be worthwhile if your budget allows. Choose models that consume little power and cool efficiently. Solar panels can help power these appliances without burdening your electricity bill.